Daxu Ancient Town
Some 25 kilometers southeast of the city of Guilin lies Ancient Daxu (”Big Market”) Town. The city, situated on the east bank of the Li River, has been a busy center of trade ever since the Qin (BCE 221-207) Dynasty period, when, under the reign (BCE 246 – 210)* of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the Ling Canal, which connects the Xiang River of the Yangtze River watershed with the Li River of the Pearl River watershed, was dug.
Ancient Daxu’s strategic placement on the banks of a river that had “spokes” leading to the Yangtze River system as well as to the Pearl River system made it a natural transit hub for trade between merchants far away and the upland population within a very large radius of the city of Daxu, since, for these areas, there was little alternative to the prosperous city on the banks of the Li River. Thirteen of the old town’s shipping docks remain to this day, spread out along the city’s 2 1/2-kilometer-long main street, and they bear witness to the town’s former high degree of prosperity.
By the time of the Northern Song (CE 960-1127) Dynasty, Daxu had achieved the status of the richest and most influential of ancient cities of what is present-day Guangxi Province, which was no mean achievement for the period. But it was during the Ming (CE 1368-1644) Dynasty that Daxu reached its pinnacle of commercial success; Wanshou Bridge, a handsome single-arched stone bridge that was built during the period, spans the Li River, while the streets of Ancient Daxu Town were – still are – paved with naturally-occurring dark-green limestone blocks, now worn to a shiny patina, thanks to centuries of use.
As is so often the case in general, Daxu’s particular “claim to fame” – its strategic location on the banks of a busy waterway, with “spokes” radiating out to China’s greatest centers of commerce, making Daxu a natural trade and traffic hub – has also proven to be the ancient city’s Achilles’ Heel, for during the 1930s, waterways ceded their position of prominence to railways and highways, and Daxu’s commerce declined rapidly thereafter. Just as many towns and villages along the Silk Road had rapidly blossomed into important centers of commerce, then shrank with almost equal rapidity when the overland Silk Road gave way to the “Silk Road” by sea route, the burgeoning ancient town of Daxu fell into decline once its trump card, as it were, had been played out.